deep thread

 

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Тематики

• нефтегазовая промышленность

EN

• deep thread

1) Engineering: deep-cut rifling

2) Oil: deep thread

3) Arms production: deep-cut rifling (канала ствола)

1 to roll up (papel, alfombra).

María arrolló la lMaría al terminar Mary rolled the yarn when she finished.

2 to wrap up.

Silvia enrolló al bebé con una cobija Silvia wrapped the baby up in a blanket.

* * *

► verbo transitivo

1 (papel) to roll up; (hilo) to wind up; (cable) to coil

2 (a alguien) to involve, mix up

■ su familia lo enrolló en el negocio his family got him involved in the business

► verbo pronominal enrollarse

1 familiar figurado (hablar) to go on and on ( con, to), chatter ( con, to)

2 familiar figurado (tener relaciones) to have an affair ( con, with)

3 familiar figurado (liarse) to get involved ( con, with)

\

enrollarse bien argot to get on well with people

enrollarse como una persiana familiar to rabbit on and on

enrollarse mal argot to be difficult to get on with

* * *

* * *

1. VT

1) (=liar) [+ papel, persiana, filete] to roll (up); [+ cuerda, cable] [en sí mismo] to coil (up); [alrededor de algo] to wind (up)

2) Esp

3) Esp

enrollarse

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <papel/persiana> to roll up; <cable/manguera> to coil

2) (Esp arg) ( confundir) to confuse, get... confused; ( en asunto) to involve, get... involved

enrollarsev pron

1) papel to roll up; cuerda/cable to coil up

2) (Esp)

a) (fam) ( hablar mucho)

b) (fam) ( tener relaciones amorosas)

c) (arg) ( con una actividad)

d) (arg) ( animarse) to get into the swing (colloq)

* * *

= roll up, wind, coil.

Ex. Occasionally charts or maps are rolled up and stored in cardboard rolls housed in a structure like an umbrella stand.

Ex. Bring the kite down by slowly winding the kite string around a kite spool.

Ex. This booklet is intended to provide general information on coiling of brain aneurysms.

----

* enrollarse = be a sport.

* que se enrolla = roll-up [rollup].

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <papel/persiana> to roll up; <cable/manguera> to coil

2) (Esp arg) ( confundir) to confuse, get... confused; ( en asunto) to involve, get... involved

enrollarsev pron

1) papel to roll up; cuerda/cable to coil up

2) (Esp)

a) (fam) ( hablar mucho)

b) (fam) ( tener relaciones amorosas)

c) (arg) ( con una actividad)

d) (arg) ( animarse) to get into the swing (colloq)

* * *

* * *

enrollar [A1 ]

1 ‹papel/persiana› to roll up

2 ‹cable/manguera› to coil

enrollar el hilo en el carrete wind the thread onto the spool

3 ‹papel/carne› to roll up

B ( Esp fam)

1 (confundir) to confuse, get … confused

2 (en un asunto) to involve, get … involved

a mí no me enrolles en esto leave me out of this o don't get me involved in this

A «papel» to roll up; «cuerda/cable» to coil up

la cadena se enrolló en la rueda the chain wound o wrapped itself around the wheel

B ( Esp fam)

(hablar mucho): no te enrolles y ve al grano stop jabbering on o waffling and get to the point ( colloq)

no te enrolles hablando por teléfono don't stay on the phone too long

se enrolla como una persiana she really goes on ( colloq), she can talk the hind leg off a donkey

2 «pareja» to make out together ( AmE colloq), to get off together ( BrE colloq) enrollarse CON algn to make out WITH sb ( AmE colloq), to get off WITH sb ( BrE colloq)

se enrolló con mi prima pero no duró mucho he had a thing (going) with my cousin but it didn't last long

3 (con una actividad) enrollarse CON algo to get into sth ( colloq)

se enrollaron hablando de política they got deep into conversation about politics

4 (animarse) to get into the swing ( colloq), get with it ( BrE sl)

enrollarse bien ( Esp arg): se enrolla muy bien con la gente he gets on very well with o he has a way with people

ese pinchadiscos se enrolla muy bien that disc jockey is really cool ( colloq)

C ( Ven arg) (ponerse nervioso) to freak out (sl)

* * *

◊ enrollar el hilo en el carrete wind the thread onto the spool

◊ la cadena se enrolló en la rueda the chain wound itself around the wheel

a) ( hablar mucho):

◊ no te enrolles stop jabbering on (colloq);

b) ( tener relaciones amorosas):

◊ se enrollaron en la discoteca they made out (AmE colloq) o (BrE colloq) they got off together in a disco;

* * *

♦ vt

1. [arrollar] [papel, alfombra] to roll up;

enrolló el hilo en su bobina he wound the thread on to the bobbin

2. Fam [enredar, confundir] to bamboozle;

me enrollaron para que lo comprara they bamboozled me into buying it

3. Fam [gustar]

me enrolla mucho ir de camping I really get a kick out of going camping

♦ See also the pronominal verb enrollarse

* * *

1 roll up; cable coil; hilo wind

me enrolla fam I like it, I think it’s great fam

* * *

enrollar vt

: to roll up, to coil

♦ See also the reflexive verb enrollarse

* * *

enrollar vb

1. (enroscar papel) to roll up

2. (enroscar hilo) to wind up [pt. & pp. wound]

3. (convencer) to talk into

4. (molar) to be great

1. depth

тук дълбочинаата на морето е петдесет метра here the depth of the sea is fifty metres, the sea is fifty metres deep here, the sea is fifty metres in depth here

на три метра дълбочина at a depth of three metres

пускам сонда на тридесет метра дълбочина bore to a depth of thirty metres

измервам дълбочината на морето sound (the depth of) the sea

измервам дълбочина (с лот) plumb

дълбочина на газене (на кораб) draught

дълбочина на нареза на винта depth of thread of a screw

2. (за хоризонтално разстояние) depth

в дълбочина in depth

дълбочина на защитата воен. depth of the defences

атака в дълбочина воен. an attack in depth

на картината и липсва дълбочина the picture has no/lacks depth

3. (на глас, тон) depth

4. прен. (на мисъл и пр.) profundity

(на ум, книга) depth

(на чувства, преживявания) depth, intensity

дълбочина на мислите profundity of thought

дълбочина на ума depth of mind

книга без особена дълбочина a book of no great depth

дълбочина на чувствата depth/intensity of feeling; deep/intense feelings

* * *

дълбочина̀,

ж., -ѝ 1. depth; \дълбочинаа на газене (на кораб) мор. draught; \дълбочинаа на замръзване frost penetration; \дълбочинаа на нареза на винта техн. depth of thread of a screw; измервам \дълбочинаа (с лот) plumb; измервам \дълбочинаата на морето sound (the depth of) the sea; на три метра \дълбочинаа at a depth of three metres; пускам сонда на тридесет метра \дълбочинаа bore to a depth of thirty metres; тук \дълбочинаата на морето е петдесет метра here the depth of the sea is fifty metres, the sea is fifty metres deep here, the sea is fifty metres in depth here;

2. (за хоризонтално разстояние) depth; атака в \дълбочинаа воен. an attack in depth; в \дълбочинаа in depth; \дълбочинаа на защитата воен. depth of the defences;

3. (на глас, тон) depth;

4. прен. (на мисъл и пр.) profundity; (на ум, книга) depth; (на чувства, преживявания) depth, intensity; \дълбочинаа на мислите profundity of thought; \дълбочинаа на ума depth of mind; \дълбочинаа на чувствата depth/intensity of feeling; deep/intense feelings.

* * *

deepness: at a дълбочина of one metre - на дълбочина един метър; penetration

* * *

m; -s, Fäden

1. allg. thread; Marionette etc.: string; ein Faden a piece of thread; er hatte keinen trockenen Faden am Leib umg. he was soaked to the skin

2. von Bohnen, Flüssigem etc.: string; ein dünner Faden Blut a trickle of blood; schon graue Fäden im Haar haben have the first streaks of grey (Am. gray) in one’s hair; Fäden ziehen Suppe, Käse etc.: go stringy; den Leim trocknen lassen, bis er keine Fäden mehr zieht leave the glue to dry until it is no longer tacky

3. fig. thread, string; der rote Faden the central thread; sich wie ein roter Faden durch etw. ziehen run though s.th. like a thread; den Faden verlieren lose the thread; den Faden wieder aufnehmen pick up the thread; es hing an einem ( dünnen oder seidenen) Faden it was hanging by a thread; sie ließ keinen guten Faden an ihm she tore him to shreds, she didn’t have a good word to say about him; seine Fäden spinnen spin a web of intrigue; die Fäden laufen in seiner Hand zusammen he’s in control of everything, he’s at the controls; er hat die Fäden fest in der Hand he’s got a tight grip on things

4. MED. suture, stitch; die Fäden ziehen take out the stitches

5. ETECH., TECH. filament

—

m; -s, -; NAUT. fathom

* * *

thread; filament; fathom

* * *

m -s, ordm;

1) (lit, fig) thread; (an Marionetten) string; (MED) stitch

2) (= Spinnenfaden etc) thread; (= Bohnenfaden) string

m -s, - (NAUT)

* * *

1) (a measure of depth of water (6 feet or 1.8 metres): The water is 8 fathoms deep.) fathom

2) (something very thin shaped like a thread, especially the thin wire in an electric light bulb.) filament

3) (a thin strand of cotton, wool, silk etc, especially when used for sewing: a needle and some thread.) thread

4) (the connection between the various events or details (in a story, account etc): I've lost the thread of what he's saying.) thread

* * *

[ˈfa:dn̩, pl fɛdn̩]

1. (Wollfaden, Zwirnfaden) thread; Marionette string

dünner/dicker \Faden fine/coarse thread

2. MED stitch, suture spec

die Fäden ziehen to remove [or sep take out] the stitches [or spec sutures

3. (von Raupe, Spinne) thread, filament; s.a. Leben

4. (geh: einzelnes Haar) strand

▶ keinen guten \Faden an jdm/etw lassen (fam) to tear sb/sth to pieces [or shreds], to rip into sb/sth

▶ alle Fäden [fest] in der Hand halten/behalten to hold/hold on to the reins

▶ alle Fäden laufen in jds Hand zusammen sb pulls all the strings

▶ der rote \Faden the central [or recurrent] theme

▶ keinen trockenen \Faden am Leib haben to be soaked to the skin

▶ den \Faden verlieren to lose the thread

▶ [hinter den Kulissen] die Fäden ziehen (fam) to pull the strings [behind the scenes]

* * *

1) (Garn) thread

2) (Med.) suture

* * *

Faden¹ m; -s, Fäden

1. allg thread; Marionette etc: string;

ein Faden a piece of thread;

er hatte keinen trockenen Faden am Leib umg he was soaked to the skin

2. von Bohnen, Flüssigem etc: string;

ein dünner Faden Blut a trickle of blood;

schon graue Fäden im Haar haben have the first streaks of grey (US gray) in one’s hair;

Fäden ziehen Suppe, Käse etc: go stringy;

den Leim trocknen lassen, bis er keine Fäden mehr zieht leave the glue to dry until it is no longer tacky

3. fig thread, string;

der rote Faden the central thread;

sich wie ein roter Faden durch etwas ziehen run though sth like a thread;

den Faden verlieren lose the thread;

den Faden wieder aufnehmen pick up the thread;

es hing an einem (

dünnen oder

seidenen)

Faden it was hanging by a thread;

sie ließ keinen guten Faden an ihm she tore him to shreds, she didn’t have a good word to say about him;

seine Fäden spinnen spin a web of intrigue;

die Fäden laufen in seiner Hand zusammen he’s in control of everything, he’s at the controls;

er hat die Fäden fest in der Hand he’s got a tight grip on things

4. MED suture, stitch;

die Fäden ziehen take out the stitches

5. ELEK, TECH filament

Faden² m; -s, -; SCHIFF fathom

* * *

1) (Garn) thread

2) (Med.) suture

* * *

filament n.

strand n.

thread n.

twine n.

structure.

estructura profunda/superficial deep/surface structure

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: estructurar.

2^nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: estructurar.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) structure

2 (armazón) frame, framework

* * *

1) structure

2) framework

* * *

1) [de poema, célula, organización] structure

2) [de edificio] frame, framework

* * *

a) (de edificio, puente) structure, framework; ( de mueble) frame; (de célula, mineral) structure

b) (de oración, novela) structure

c) ( de empresa) structure; ( de sociedad) structure, framework

* * *

= frame, framework, pattern, structure, texture, lattice, fabric, carcass.

Ex. Next the book was placed on the sewing frame, and the folded sheets were sewn by hand with needle and thread on to four or five cords or thongs.

Ex. The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.

Ex. In the same way that citation orders may have more or less theoretical foundations, equally reference generation may follow a predetermined pattern.

Ex. This chapter does not consider the principles underlying AACR, nor does it review the structure of the code to any significant extent.

Ex. The fruits of Mr. Kilgour's labors and creations have substantially altered the texture of contemporary America library service = Los frutos de los trabajos y creaciones del Sr. Kilgour han alterado sustancialmente la naturaleza del servicio bibliotecario de la América contemporánea.

Ex. Special attention should be given to Figure 2, which proposes two lattices (or ladders) for career movement in libraries.

Ex. The conventional pattern of change has been an evolutionary introduction of the use of technology with no unusual signs of strain in the organizational fabric.

Ex. The bathroom cabinet carcass is made of plywood.

----

* con estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* con estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* DSIS (Sistema de Indización de Estructura Profunda) = DISI (Deep Structure Indexing System).

* estructura arbórea = tree structure.

* estructura básica = skeleton.

* estructura de apoyo = support structure.

* estructura de datos = data structure.

* estructura de ficheros = file design.

* estructura de la institución = organisational structure.

* estructura del edificio = building shell.

* estructura del registro = record structure.

* estructura demográfica = demographics.

* estructura de poder = power structure.

* estructura de red = network structure.

* estructura jerárquica = chain of command, hierarchical structure.

* estructura jerárquica de gestión = line management.

* estructura jerárquica de una organización = hierarchy ladder.

* estructura laboral = job structuring.

* estructura lógica = logical data structure.

* estructura molecular = molecular structure.

* estructura organizativa = organisational structure.

* estructura piramidal = pyramid structure.

* estructura química = chemical structure.

* estructura relacional = relation structure.

* estructura social = social structure.

* fichero con estructura de red = networked file.

* libro con estructura plegable = pop-up book.

* reparador de estructuras altas = steeplejack.

* sin estructura = unstructured.

* Sistema de Indización de Estructura Profunda (DSIS) = Deep Structure Indexing System (DSIS).

* una estructura de = a pattern of.

* vivienda con estructura de madera = frame dwelling.

* * *

a) (de edificio, puente) structure, framework; ( de mueble) frame; (de célula, mineral) structure

b) (de oración, novela) structure

c) ( de empresa) structure; ( de sociedad) structure, framework

* * *

* * *

1 (de un edificio, puente) structure, framework; (de un mueble) frame; (de una célula, un mineral) structure

una estructura de madera/hormigón a wooden/concrete structure

2 (de una oración, frase) structure; (de una novela, un poema) structure

3 (de una empresa) structure; (de una sociedad) structure, framework

la estructura social en la Edad Media the social framework in the Middle Ages

la estructura jerárquica dentro de la empresa the hierarchical structure within the company

deep/surface structure

* * *

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

* * *

estructura nf

1. [de sustancia, cuerpo, de organización] structure;

la estructura del átomo the structure of the atom;

la estructura social en la India the structure of Indian society

2. [de edificio, mueble, nave] frame, framework

3. Ling [de oración, texto] structure

estructura superficial surface structure

* * *

f structure

* * *

estructura nf

: structure, framework

* * *

estructura n structure

1. thought, reflection

мисли от Маркс thoughts from Marx

при мисъл та за at the (mere) thought of

чета мислите на някого read s.o.'s mind

потънал в мисли lost/wrapt/deep in thought/reflection

събирам мислите си collect o.'s thoughts, put. o.'s thoughts together

не мога да следя мисълта му I cannot follow the thread/the trend of his thought

спирам мисълта си върху let o.'s thoughts dwell on

задна мисъл an ulterior motive, a secret purpose/design/intention

черни мисли dark thoughts

това ме наведе на мисълта this made me think, this led me to think

2. (идея) idea, thought

блестяща мисъл a brilliant idea/thought, разг. a brain-wave

основна мисъл a basic/fundamental idea, design

3. (ум) mind

той има бърза/ясна мисъл he has a swift/clear mind

мисълта ми е заета с my mind is/my thoughts are busy/occupied with

мисълта ми е (не)спокойна be (un)easy in o.'s mind

* * *

мѝсъл,

ж., -ли 1. thought, reflection; задна \мисълъл a secret purpose/design/intention; не мога да следя \мисълълта му I cannot follow the thread/the trend of his thought; потънал в \мисълли lost/deep in thought/reflection; при \мисълълта за at the (mere) thought of; следя \мисълълта на някого follow the train of o.’s thought; спирам \мисълълта си върху let o.’s thoughts dwell on; събирам \мисъллите си collect o.’s thoughts, put o.’s thoughts together; това ме наведе на \мисълълта this made me think, this led me to think;

2. ( идея) idea, thought, brainchild; блестяща \мисълъл разг. a brain-wave;

3. (ум) mind; \мисълълта ми е заета с my mind is busy/occupied with; \мисълълта ми е (не)спокойна be (un)easy in o.’s mind; той има бърза/ясна \мисълъл he has a swift/clear mind.

* * *

mind; dictum; reflection; thought: This is a brilliant мисъл! - Това е блестяща идея!

* * *

1. cut up, cut into pieces

(на филии) slice, cut into slices

(месо) carve up, chop up, cut up

(зеленчуци) chop up, cut up

тех. (правя нарез на) thread, ( на фрез) generate

(назъбвам) notch, dent, indent

брегът беше нарязан от дълбоки заливи the coast was cut up into deep bays

2. (начевам-нова пита и пр.) cut into, start (on)

* * *

наря̀звам,

1. cut up, cut into pieces; (на филии) slice, cut into slices; ( месо) carve up, chop up, cut up; ( зеленчуци) chop up, cut up; техн. ( правя нарез на) thread, (на фреза) generate; ( назъбвам) notch, dent, indent; брегът беше нарязан от дълбоки заливи the coast was cut up into deep bays;

2. ( начевам ­ нова пита и пр.) cut into, start (on);

\нарязвам се be/get drunk.

* * *

chop; hack; indent

* * *

1 to wrap (up).

envuélvamelo para regalo, por favor could you giftwrap it, please?

2 to wind.

3 to envelop, to cover.

la niebla envolvía el valle the valley was deep in mist

4 to wrap up, to wrap, to envelop, to enfold.

Ella envuelve los regalos She wraps up the gifts.

5 to pack, to wrap up, to envelop, to parcel.

Ella envuelve el libro She packs the book.

6 to involve.

El caso envuelve a María The case involves Mary.

7 to embody, to embosom.

El libro envuelve toda la historia The book embodies the whole story.

* * *

Conjugation model [ MOVER], like link=mover mover (pp envuelto,-a)

► verbo transitivo

1 (con papel) to wrap, wrap up

■ no hace falta que me lo envuelva there's no need to wrap it

2 (con ropa) to wrap, wrap up

■ estaba envuelta en una manta she was wrapped in a blanket

3 (hilo, cinta) to wind

■ envuelva el hilo en la bobina wind the thread onto the bobbin

4 (pasteles etc) to coat, cover

■ galletas envueltas en chocolate chocolate-coated biscuits

5 figurado (rodear) to envelop, shroud

■ la niebla envolvía el campanario the fog enveloped the bell tower

6 figurado (implicar) to involve (en, in), implicate (en, in)

■ lo envolvieron en aquel asunto they involved him in that affair

7 figurado (confundir) to confound

8 MILITAR to surround, encircle

► verbo pronominal envolverse

1 (uso reflexivo) to wrap oneself up (en, in)

2 figurado (implicarse) to become involved (en, in)

* * *

1) to wrap

2) surround

* * *

1. VT

1) (=cubrir) [con papel] to wrap (up); [con ropa] to wrap (up), cover (up)

2) (=rodear) to surround, shroud

3) (=involucrar) to involve (en in)

4) frm (=contener) to contain

envolverse

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <paquete/regalo> to wrap (up)

2) ( rodear) membrana/capa to surround; humo/tristeza to envelop

3) ( implicar) <crítica/opinión> to imply

4) ( involucrar) to involve

envolverse v pron

a) (refl) ( en manta) to wrap oneself (up)

b) (en delito, asunto) to become involved

* * *

= wrap, envelop, shroud, wrap up.

Ex. In some cases the real question that needs to be answered may indeed turn out to be, as Winston Churchill once said of Russia, 'a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma'.

Ex. Her eyes swept the room and then enveloped him in an icy glare.

Ex. Often the needs of the disabled are shrouded by misconceptions such as that they are forced to lead a poor quality of life.

Ex. Finally, the type faces were inspected for defects, and the sort was wrapped up in a packet for delivery.

----

* papel de envolver = wrapping paper.

* papel de envolver regalos = gift wrapping paper.

* sin envolver = unwrapped.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <paquete/regalo> to wrap (up)

2) ( rodear) membrana/capa to surround; humo/tristeza to envelop

3) ( implicar) <crítica/opinión> to imply

4) ( involucrar) to involve

envolverse v pron

a) (refl) ( en manta) to wrap oneself (up)

b) (en delito, asunto) to become involved

* * *

* * *

envolver [ E11 ]

A ‹paquete/regalo› to wrap, wrap up

¿se lo envuelvo? shall I wrap it (up) for you?

¿me lo puede envolver para regalo? could you gift wrap it?

envolver algo/a algn EN algo to wrap sth/sb (up) IN sth

envolvió al niño en una manta she wrapped the child (up) in a blanket

B (rodear) «membrana/capa» to surround; «humo/tristeza» to envelop

la niebla envolvía la ciudad fog enveloped the city, the city was shrouded in fog

un velo de misterio envuelve el caso the case is cloaked o shrouded in mystery

un halo de santidad la envolvía she seemed to be shrouded in o surrounded by an aura of saintliness

C (contener) ‹crítica/opinión› to contain, imply

D (involucrar) to involve envolver a algn EN algo to involve sb IN sth, get sb involved IN sth

1 ( refl) (en una manta) to wrap oneself (up)

se envolvió en la manta y se durmió she wrapped herself (up) in the blanket o she wrapped the blanket around herself and fell asleep

2 (en un delito, asunto) to become involved

* * *

◊ ¿me lo puede envolver para regalo? could you gift wrap it?;

a) ( refl) ( en manta) to wrap oneself (up)

b) (en delito, asunto) to become involved

* * *

♦ vt

1. [embalar] to wrap (up);

envuélvamelo para regalo, por favor could you giftwrap it, please?;

¿quiere que se lo envuelva? would you like it wrapped?;

envolvió el paquete con o [m5] en papel de embalar she wrapped the parcel in brown paper;

envuelve al niño con o [m5] en la manta wrap the child in the blanket

2. [cubrir, rodear] to envelop, to cover;

la niebla envolvía el valle the valley was deep in mist;

la membrana que envuelve al feto the membrane which envelops o covers the foetus;

una sensación de melancolía la envolvía a feeling of melancholy enveloped him

3. [enrollar] to wind;

envolver hilo en un carrete to wind thread onto a spool

4. [involucrar]

5. [conllevar] to imply;

lo que dijo no envuelve crítica alguna what he said doesn't imply any criticism whatsoever

6. Mil [enemigo] to encircle, to surround

♦ See also the pronominal verb envolverse

* * *

<part envuelto> v/t

1 wrap (up)

2 ( rodear) surround, envelop

3 ( involucrar) involve;

envolver a alguien en algo involve s.o. in sth

* * *

envolver {89} vt

1) : to wrap

2) : to envelop, to surround

3) : to entangle, to involve

♦ See also the reflexive verb envolverse

* * *

envolver vb to wrap [pt. & pp. wrapped]

generally.

* * *

► adverbio

1 generally, usually

* * *

* * *

ADV generally

* * *

= as a rule, generally, ordinarily, typically, popularly, as often as not, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.

Ex. As a rule, the smaller the library the greater the variety of tasks which are allotted to assistants.

Ex. Specific entry is generally recommended.

Ex. Library users ordinarily are unable to find if what they need is in the process of being cataloged, readied for the bindery, or being repaired.

Ex. Typically some parts of records can be searched and their elements used as search keys.

Ex. Although the red scare is popularly associated with the activities of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy, the anti-communist hysteria of the 50s went far beyond McCarthy and Washington D.C.

Ex. As often as not, especially with material-finding enquiries, the user's presence at the librarian's elbow permits an instantaneous reaction to each item found.

Ex. Generally speaking, my philosophy is that if you've been following the thread, you already know what the reply is.

Ex. In the normal run of events a well-organised active minority of quite a small size can play a decisive role in the determination of a political outcome.

Ex. In the normal run of things, they would be attacked by a monster from the deep or aliens from space, but here they just have to deal with polar bears.

----

* creencia generalmente aceptada = conventional wisdom.

* generalmente + pensarse que = be/have generally held that.

* opinión generalmente aceptada = conventional wisdom.

* usado generalmente = widely-used.

* * *

* * *

generally

* * *

* * *

generalmente adv

generally

* * *

adv generally

* * *

generalmente adv

: usually, generally

* * *

generalmente adv generally

in general, generally

* * *

* * *

= on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things

Ex. I have myself a well-known dislike for historical fiction; it is a genre that on the whole gives me little pleasure.

Ex. All in all, then, the book has plenty to attend to, plenty to enjoy, plenty to share.

Ex. However, in general, it is unreasonable to expect a user to know the ISBN of a book.

Ex. Specific entry is generally recommended.

Ex. Generally speaking, my philosophy is that if you've been following the thread, you already know what the reply is.

Ex. In the normal run of events a well-organised active minority of quite a small size can play a decisive role in the determination of a political outcome.

Ex. In the normal run of things, they would be attacked by a monster from the deep or aliens from space, but here they just have to deal with polar bears.

* * *

rolled, convoluted, convolute, rolled-up.

1 Swiss roll.

2 rolling up, coiling, winding, windings.

past participle of spanish verb: enrollar.

* * *

► participio pasado

1→ link=enrollar enrollar

► adjetivo

1 (papel) rolled up; (cable) coiled

2 familiar (guay) cool, great

■ es una tía muy enrollada she's a great woman

3 (ocupado) busy, wrapped up ( con, in), engrossed ( con, in).

\

estar enrollado,-a con alguien familiar (hablar) to be deep in conversation with somebody 2 (salir juntos) to be going out with somebody, be seeing somebody 3 (tener relaciones) to be having an affair with somebody

* * *

1) (=liado) [alfombra, pergamino] rolled (up); [cuerda, cable] [en sí mismo] coiled (up); [alrededor de algo] wound (up)

2) Esp ** (=simpático) [persona, música] cool **

3) Esp

4) Esp ** [con una actividad] involved, busy

* * *

- da adjetivo

1)

a) < papel> rolled up

b) < cable> coiled, coiled up

2) (Esp)

a) (fam) [estar] (con una chica, un chico)

b) (fam) [estar] ( en actividad)

c) (arg) ( en la onda) <persona/música> cool (sl), hip (sl); <película/coche> cool (sl)

3) (Ven fam) ( preocupado) uptight (colloq), freaked out (sl)

* * *

- da adjetivo

1)

a) < papel> rolled up

b) < cable> coiled, coiled up

2) (Esp)

a) (fam) [estar] (con una chica, un chico)

b) (fam) [estar] ( en actividad)

c) (arg) ( en la onda) <persona/música> cool (sl), hip (sl); <película/coche> cool (sl)

3) (Ven fam) ( preocupado) uptight (colloq), freaked out (sl)

* * *

1 ‹papel› rolled up

2 ‹cable› coiled, coiled up

B ( Esp)

1 ( fam) [ ESTAR]

(con una chica, un chico): hace meses que están enrollados they've been going (out) together o been involved with each other for months

vio a su novio enrollado con otra she saw her boyfriend making out with ( AmE) o ( BrE) getting off with another girl ( colloq)

2 ( fam) [ ESTAR]

(en una conversación, actividad): estaba enrollado con un tío hablando de política he was deep in a conversation about politics with some guy

enrollado CON algo wrapped up IN sth

anda muy enrollado con los exámenes he's really busy with o wrapped up in his exams

estaba muy enrollado con la música he was really engrossed in the music

3 ( arg) (chulo, ameno) ‹persona/música› cool (sl), hip (sl), funky (sl); ‹película/coche› cool (sl)

C ( Ven fam) (preocupado) uptight ( colloq), freaked out (sl)

* * *

el participio

◊ -da adjetivo

a) ‹ papel› rolled up

b) ‹ cable› coiled (up)

a) (fam) estar enrollado con algn to have a thing (going) with sb (colloq);

◊ están enrollados they've got sth going between them (colloq)

b) estar enrollado con algo ‹con exámenes/preparativos› wrapped up in sth

c) (arg) ( en la onda) ‹persona/música/coche› cool (sl)

◊ enrollado el hilo en el carrete wind the thread onto the spool

◊ la cadena se enrolló en la rueda the chain wound itself around the wheel

a) ( hablar mucho):

◊ no te enrolles stop jabbering on (colloq);

b) ( tener relaciones amorosas):

◊ se enrolladoon en la discoteca they made out (AmE colloq) o (BrE colloq) they got off together in a disco;

* * *

enrollado, -a adj

1. [en forma de rollo] [papel, alfombra] rolled up;

estar enrollado en algo to be wound round sth;

un pastel enrollado de verduras a vegetable roulade

2. Esp Fam [interesante, animado] [bar, música, película] cool, great;

es un tío muy enrollado he's a really great guy;

es un bar muy enrollado it's a really cool o great bar

3. Fam [enfrascado]

no puedo ir, estoy muy enrollado haciendo bricolaje en casa I can't go, I'm getting stuck into some DIY at home;

estábamos muy enrollados hablando de música we were having a great time talking about music

4. Fam [en relaciones amorosas]

¿pero están enrollados o no? have they got something going or not?;

está enrollado con una sueca he's got a thing going with a Swedish woman

* * *

enrollado adj (simpático) great

सावित्री 1 A ray of light.

-2 N. of a celebrated verse of the Rigveda, so called because it is addressed to the sun; it is also called गायत्री; q.v. for further information.

-3 The ceremony of investi- ture with the sacred thread; आ षोडशाद् ब्राह्मणस्य सावित्री नातिवर्तते Ms.2.38.

-4 N. of a wife of Brahman.

-5 N. of Pārvatī.

-6 N. of a wife of Kaśyapa.

-7 An epithet of Sūryā (daughter of Savitṛi).

-8 N. of the wife of Satyavat, king of Sālva. [She was the only daughter of king Aśvapati. She was so lovely that all the suitors that came to woo her were repul- sed by her superior lustre, and thus though she reached a marriageable age, she found no one ready to espouse her. At last her father asked her to go and find out a husband of her own choice. She did so, and having made her selection returned to her father, and told him that she had chosen Satyavat, son of Dyumatsena, king of Sālva, who being driven out from his kingdom was then leading a hermit's life along with his wife. When Nārada, who hap- pened to be present there, heard this, he told her as well as Aśvapati that he was very sorry to hear of the choice she had made, for though Satyavat was in every way worthy of her, yet he was fated to die in a year from that date, and in choosing him, therefore, Sāvitrī would be only choosing life-long widow-hood and misery. Her parents, therfore, naturally tried to dissuade her mind, but the high-souled maiden told them that her choice was unalterably fixed. Accordingly the marriage took place in due time, and Sāvitrī laid aside her jewels and rich apparel, and putting on the coarse garments of hermits, spent her time in serving her old father and mother-in-law. Still, though outwardly happy, she could not forget the words of Nārada, and as she counted, the days seemed to fly swifitly like moments, and the fated time, when her husband was to die, drew near. 'I have yet three days' thought she, 'and for these three days I shall observe a rigid fast.' She maintained her vow, and on the fourth day, when Satyavat was about to go to the woods to bring sacrificial fuel, she accompanied him. After having collected some fuel, Satyavat, being fatigued, sat down, and reposing his head on the bosom of Sāvitrī fell asleep. Just then Yama came down, snatched off his soul, and proce- eded towards the south. Sāvitrī saw this and fol- lowed the god who told her to return as her husband's term of life was over. But the faithful wife besought Yama in so pathetic a strain that he granted her boon after boon, except the life of her husband, until, being quite subdued by her devotion to her husband and the force of her eloquent appeal, the god relented and restored even the spirit of Satyavat to her. Deli- ghted she returned, and found her husband as if roused from a deep sleep, and informing him of all that had occurred, went to the hermitage of her father-in-law who soon reaped the fruits of the boons of Yama. Sāvitrī is regarded as the beau ideal or high- est pattern of conjugal fidelity, and a young married woman is usually blessed by elderly females with the words जन्मसावित्री भव, thus placing before her the example of Sāvitrī for lifelong imitation.]

-Comp. -पतितः, -परिभ्रष्टः a man of any one of the first three castes not invested with the sacred thread at the proper time; cf. व्रात्य; सावित्रीपतिता व्रात्या व्रात्यस्तोमादृते क्रतोः Y.1.38; Ms.2.39; तान् सावित्रीपरिभ्रष्टान् व्रात्यानिति विनि- र्दिशेत् Ms.1.2.

-व्रतम् N. of a particular fast kept by Hindu women on the last three days of the bright half of Jyeṣṭha to preserve them from widow- hood.

-सूत्रम् the sacred thread (यज्ञोपवीत).

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prep. w. dat.

I. Of place:

1) off, from;

G. hljóp af hesti sínum, G. jumped off his horse;

ganga af mótinu, to go away from the meeting;

Flosi kastaði af sér skikkjunni, threw off his cloak;

Gizzur gekk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from the south-west;

hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he had taken off his shoes;

Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off;

tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms;

bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus;

land af landi, from one land to the other;

hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession;

vil ek þú vinnir af þér skuldina, work off the debt;

muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand;

rísa af dauða, to rise from the dead;

vakna af draumi, to awaken from a dream;

lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse;

vindr stóð af landi, the wind blew from the land;

2) out of;

verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world;

gruflar hón af læknum, she scrambles out of the brook;

Otradalr var mjök af vegi, far out of the way.

Connected with út; föstudaginn fór út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town.

II. Of time; past, beyond:

af ómagaaldri, able to support oneself, of age;

ek em nú af léttasta skeiði, no longer in the prime of life;

þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when seven weeks of summer are past;

var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past.

III. In various other relations:

1) þiggja lið af e-m, to receive help from one;

hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy;

vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of one;

féll þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s men fell there;

þá eru þeir útlagir ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their goðorð;

þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim;

ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to give up;

2) off, of;

höggva fót, hönd, af e-m, to cut off one’s foot, hand;

vil ek, at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, whatever you like of the stores;

þar lá forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the point broken off;

absol., beit hann höndina af, bit the hand off;

fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off;

3) of, among;

hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum, the most promising of the young men;

4) with;

hláða, (ferma) skip af e-u, to load (freight) a ship with;

fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring;

5) of (= ór which is more frequent);

húsit var gert af timbr stokkum, was built of trunks of trees;

6) fig., eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him;

hvat hefir þú gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar?;

7) denoting parentage, descent, origin;

ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are descended from them;

kominn af Trójumönnum, descended from the Trojans;

8) by, of (after passive);

ek em sendr hingat af Starkaði, sent hither by;

ástsæll af landsmónnum, beloved of;

9) on account of, by reason of, by;

úbygðr at frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold;

ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds;

af ástæld hans, by his popularity;

af því, therefore;

af hví, wherefor why;

af því at, because;

10) by means of, by;

framfœra e-n af verkum sínum, by means of his own labour;

af sínu fé, by one’s own means;

absol., hann fekk af hina mestu sœmd, derived great honour from it;

11) with adjectives, in regard to;

mildr af fé, liberal of money;

góðr af griðum, merciful;

fastr af drykk, close (stingy) in regard to drink;

12) used absol. with a verb, off away;

hann bað hann þá róa af fjörðinn, to row the firth off;

ok er þeir höfðu af fjörðung, when they had covered one forth of the way;

sofa af nóttina, to sleep the night away.

* * *

prep. often used elliptically by dropping the case, or even merely adverbially, [Ulf. af; A. S. and Engl. of, off; Hel. ab; Germ. ab; Gr. άπό; Lat. a, ab.] With dat. denoting a motion a loco; one of the three prepp. af, ór, frá, corresponding to those in loco—á, í, við, and ad locum—á, í, at. It in general corresponds to the prepp. in loco—á, or in locum— til, whilst ór answers more to í; but it also frequently corresponds to yfir, um or í. It ranges between ór and frá, generally denoting the idea from the surface of, while ór means from the inner part, and frá from the outer part or border. The motion from a hill, plain, open place is thus denoted by af; by ór that from an enclosed space, depth, cavity, thus af fjalli, but ór of a valley, dale; af Englandi, but ór Danmörk, as mörk implies the notion of a deep wood, forest. The wind blows af landi, but a ship sets sail frá landi; frá landi also means a distance from: af hendi, of a glove, ring; ór hendi, of whatever has been kept in the hand (correl. to á hendi and í hendi). On the other hand af is more general, whilst frá and ór are of a more special character; frá denoting a departure, ór an impulse or force; a member goes home af þingi, whereas ór may denote an inmate of a district, or convey the notion of secession or exclusion from, Eb. 105 new Ed.; the traveller goes af landi, the exile ór landi: taka e-t af e-m is to take a thing out of one’s hand, that of taka frá e-m to remove out of one’s sight, etc. In general af answers to Engl. of, off, ór to out of, and frá to from: the Lat. prepp. ab, de, and ex do not exactly correspond to the Icelandic, yet as a rule ór may answer to ex, af sometimes to ab, sometimes to de. Of, off, from among; with, by; on account of by means of, because of concerning, in respect of.

A. Loc.

I. With motion, off, from:

1. prop. corresp. to á,

α. konungr dró gullhring af hendi sér (but á hendi), Ld. 32; Höskuldr lætr bera farm af skipi, unload the ship (but bera farm á skip), id.; var tekit af hestum þeirra, they were unsaddled, Nj. 4; Gunnarr hafði farit heiman af bæ sínum, he was away from home, 82; Gunnarr hljóp af hesti sínum, jumped off his horse (but hl. á hest), 83; hlaupa, stökkva af baki, id., 112, 264 ; Gunnarr skýtr til hans af boganum, from the bow, where af has a slight notion of instrumentality, 96; flýja af fundinum, to fly from off the battle-field, 102; ríða af Þríhyrningshálsum, 206; út af Langaholti, Eg. 744 ; sunnan ór Danmörk ok af Saxlandi, 560; ganga af mótinu, to go from the meeting, Fms. vii. 130; af þeirra fundi reis María upp ok fór, 625. 85 ; Flosi kastaði af ser skikkjunni, threw his cloak off him (but kasta á sik),Nj. 176; taka Hrungnis fót af honum, of a load, burden, Edda 58; land þat er hann fiskði af, from which he set off to fish, Grág. i. 151, is irregular, frá would suit better; slíta af baki e-s, from off one’s back, ii. 9 ; bera af borði, to clear the table, Nj. 75.

β. where it more nearly answers to í; þeir koma af hafi, of sailors coming in (but leggja í haf), Nj. 128 ; fara til Noregs af Orkneyjum (but í or til O.), 131; þeim Agli fórst vel ok komu af hafi i Borgarfjörð, Eg. 392 ; hann var útlagi ( outlawed) af Noregi, where ór would be more regular, 344; af Islandi, of a traveller, Fms. x. 3; búa her af báðum ríkjunum, to take a levy from, 51; hinir beztu bændr ór Norðlendingafjórðungi ok af Sunnlendingafjórðungi, the most eminent Southerners and Northerners, 113; Gizzurr gékk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from south-west, Sturl. ii. 219; prestar af hvárutveggja biskupsdæmi, from either diocess, Dipl. ii. 11; verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world, 623. 21; gruflar hon af læknum, scrambles out of the brook, Ísl. ii. 340; Egill kneyfði af horninu í einum drykk, drained off the horn at one draught, literally squeezed every drop out of it, Eg. 557; brottuaf herbúðunurn, Fms. x. 343.

γ. of things more or less surrounding the subject, corresp. to yfir or um; láta þeir þegar af sér tjöldin, break off, take down the tents in preparing for battle, Eg. 261; kyrtillinn rifnaði af honum, his coat burst, caused by the swollen body, 602; hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he untied his shoes (but binda á sik), 716; Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off, of one clinging to one’s body, 747; tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms, Fms. vii. 39. Of putting off clothes; fara af kápu, Nj. 143; far þú eigi af brynjunni, Bs. i. 541; þá ætlaði Sigurðr at fara af brynjunni, id.; þá var Skarphéðinn flettr af klæðunum, Nj. 209: now more usually fara or klæðum, fötum, exuere, to undress.

δ. connected with út; föstudaginn for út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town, Nj. 274; ganga út af kirkjunni, to go out of the church, now út úr, Fms. vii. 107: drekki hann af þeirri jörðunni, of something impregnated with the earth, Laekn. 402.

ε. more closely corresponding to frá, being in such cases a Latinism (now frá); bréf af páfa, a pope’s bull, Fms. x. 6; rit af hánum, letter from him, 623. 52; bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus, Bs. i. 712; farið þér á brautu af mér í eilífan eld, Hom. 143; brott af drottins augliti, Stj. 43.

ζ. denoting an uninterrupted continuity, in such phrases as land aflandi, from land to land, Eg. 343, Fas. ii. 539; skip af skipl. from ship to ship, Fms. v. 10; brann hvat af öðru, one after another, of an increasing fire, destroying everything, i. 128; brandr af brandi brenn, funi kveykist af funa, one from another, Hm. 56; hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession, also hverr at öðrum, Eb. 272, 280 (where at in both passages).

2. metaph., at ganga af e-m dauðum, to go from, leave one dead on the spot, of two combatants; en hann segiz bani hins ef hann gekk af dauðum manni, Grág. ii. 88, Hkr. 1. 327; undr þykir mér er bróðir þinn vildi eigi taka af þér starf þetta, would not take this toil from thee, Nj. 77; þegnar hans glöddust af honum, were fain of him, Fms. x. 380; at koma þeim manni af sér er settr var á fé hans, to get rid of, Ld. 52; vil ek þú vinriir af þér skuldina, work off the debt, Njarð. 366; reka af sér, to repel, Sturl. ii. 219; hann á þá sonu er aldri munu af oss ganga, who will never leave us, whom we shall never get rid of, Fas. i. 280; leysa e-n af e-u, to relieve, 64; taka e-n af lífi, to kill, Eg. 48, 416, Nj. 126; af lífdögum, Fms. vii. 204; ek mun ná lögum af því máli, get the benefit of the law in this case, Eg. 468; muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand, 414; rísa af dauða, to rise from death, Fms. ii. 142; guð bætti honum þó af þessi sótt, healed him of this sickness, ix. 390; vakna af sýn, draumi, svefni, to awaken from a vision, dream, sleep, 655 xxxii. I, Gísl. 24, Eb. 192, Fas. i. 41. Rather with the notion out of, in the phrase af sér etc., e. g. sýna e-t af scr, to shew, exhibit a disposition for or against, Ld. 18; gera mikit af sér, to shew great prowess, Ísl. ii. 368; éf þú gerir eigi meira af þér um aðra leika, unless you make more of thyself, Edda 32; Svipdagr hafði mikit af sér gert, fought bravely, Fas. i. 41; góðr (illr) af sér, good ( bad) of oneself, by nature; mikill af sjálfum sér, proud, bold, stout, Nj. 15; ágætastr maðr af sjálfum sér, the greatest hero, Bret.: góðr af ser, excellent, Hrafn. 7; but, on the contrary, af sér kominn, ruinous, in decay; this phrase is used of old houses or buildings, as in Bs. i. 488 = Sturl. l. c.; af sér kominn af mæði can also be said of a man fallen off from what he used to be; kominn af fotum fram, off his legs from age, Sturl. i. 223, Korm. 154 (in a verse).

II. WITHOUT MOTION:

1. denoting direction from, but at the same time continuous connection with an object from which an act or thing proceeds, from; tengja skip hvárt fram af stafni annars, to tie the ships in a line, stem to stern, Fms. i. 157, xi. 111; svá at þeir tóku út af borðum, jutted out of the boards, of rafters or poles, iv. 49; stjarna ok af sem skaft, of a comet, ix. 482; lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse, Grág. ii. 264; hon svarar af sínu sæti sem álpt af baru, Fás. i. 186; þar er sjá mátti utau af firði, af þjóðleið, that might be seen from the fareway on the sea when sailing in the firth, Hkr. ii. 64; þá mun hringt af (better at) Burakirkju, of bells rung at the church, Fms. xi. 160; gengr þar af Meðalfellsströnd, projects from, juts out, of a promontory, Ld. 10.

2. denoting direction alone; upp af víkinni stóð borg mikil, a burg inland from the inlet, Eg. 161; lokrekkja innar af seti, a shut bed inward from the benches in the hall, Ísl. ii. 262; kapella upp af konungs herbergjum, upwards from, Fms. x. 153; vindr stóð af landi, the wind stood off the land, Bárð. 166.

β. metaph., stauda af e-u, vide VI. 4.

γ. ellipt., hallaði af norðr, of the channel, north of a spot, Boll. 348; also, austr af, suðr af, vestr af, etc.

3. denoting absence; þingheyendr skulu eigi vera um nótt af þingi ( away from the meeting), eðr lengr, þá eru þeir af þingi ( away from (be meeting) ef þeir eru or ( out of) þingmarki, Grág. i. 25; vera um nótt af várþingi, 115; meðan hann er af landi héðan, abroad, 150.

β. metaph., gud hvíldi af öllum verkum sínum á sjaunda degi, rested from his labours, Ver. 3.

4. denoting distance; þat er komit af þjóðleið, out of the high road, remote, Eg. 369; af þjóðbraut, Grág. ii. 264, i. 15; Otradalr (a farm) var mjök af vegi, far out of the way, Háv. 53.

B. TEMP, past, from, out of, beyond:

1. of a person’s age, in the sense of having past a period of life; af ómaga aldri, of age, able to support oneself, Grág. i. 243; af aeskualdri, stricken in years, having past the prime of life, Eg. 202; lítið af barnsaldri, still a child, Ld. 74; ek em nú af léttasia skeiði, no longer in the prime of life, Háv. 40.

2. of a part or period of time, past; eigi síðar en nótt er af þingi, a night of the session past, Grág. i. 101; þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, seven weeks past of the summer, 182; tíu vikur af sumri, Íb. 10; var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past, Háv. 41; mikið af vetri, much of the winter was past, Fas. ii. 186; þriðjungr af nótt, a third of the night past, Fms. x. 160; stund af degi, etc.; tveir mánoðr af sumri, Gþl. 103.

3. in adverbial phrases such as, af stundu, soon; af bragði, at once; af tómi, at leisure, at ease; af nýju, again; af skyndingu, speedily; af bráðungu, in a hurry, etc.

C. In various other relations:

I. denoting the passage or transition of an object, concrete or abstract, of, from.

1. where a thing is received, derived from, conferred by a person or object; þiggja lið af e-m, to derive help from, Edda 26; taka traust af e-m, to receive support, comfort from, Fms. xi. 243; taka mála af e-m, to be in one’s pay, of a soldier, Eg. 266; halda land af e-m, to hold land of any one, 282; verða viss af e-m, to get information from, 57, Nj. 130; taka við sök af manni (a law term), to undertake a case, suit, Grág. i. 142; hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy, ii. 374; vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of, Vd. 88 (old Ed., the new reads frá), Fs. 45; afla matar af eyjum, to derive supplies from, Eb. 12.

2. where an object is taken by force:

α. prop. out of a person’s hand; þú skalt hnykkja smíðit af honum, wrest it out of his hand, Nj. 32; cp. taka, þrífa, svipta e-u (e-t) af e-m, to wrest from.

β. metaph. of a person’s deprival of anything in general; hann tók af þér konuna, carried thy wife off, Nj. 33; tók Gunnarr af þér sáðland þitt, robbed thee of seedland, 103; taka af honum tignina, to depose, degrade him, Eg. 271; vinna e-t af e-m, to carry off by force of arms, conquer, Fms. iii. 29; drepa menn af e-m, for one, slay one’s man, Eg. 417; fell þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s people fell there, 261.

γ. in such phrases as, hyggja af e-u (v. afhuga), hugsa af e-u, to forget; hyggja af harmi; sjá af e-u, to lose, miss; var svá ástúðigt með þeim, at livargi þóttist mega af öðrum sjá, neither of them could take his eyes off the other, Sturl. i. 194; svá er mörg við ver sinn vær, at varla um sér hon af hoiuun nær, Skálda 163.

3. denoting forfeiture; þá eru þeir útlagir, ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their priesthood, Grág. i. 24; telja hann af ráðunum fjár síns alls, to oust one, on account of idiocy or madness, 176; verða af kaupi, to be off the bargain, Edda 26; þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim, Nj. 15; ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to forfeit, a case of divorce, id.; ella er hann af rettarfari um hana, has forfeited the suit, Grág. i. 381.

β. ellipt., af ferr eindagi ef, is forfeited, Grág. i. 140.

II. denoting relation of a part to a whole, off, of, Lat. de; höggva hönd, höfuð, fót af e-um, to cut one’s hand, head, foot off, Nj. 97, 92, Bs. i. 674; höggva spjót af skapti, to sever the blade from the shaft, 264; hann lét þá ekki hafa af föðurarfi sínum, nothing of their patrimony, Eg. 25; vil ek at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, take what you like of the stores, Nj. 4; at þú eignist slíkt af fé okkru sem þú vili, 94.

β. ellipt., en nú höfum vér kjörit, en þat er af krossinum, a slice of, Fms. vii. 89; Þórðr gaf Skólm frænda sínum af landnámi sínu, a part of, Landn. 211; hafði hann þat af hans eigu er hann vildi, Sturl. ii. 169; þar lá forkr einn ok brotið af endanum, the point broken off, Háv. 24, Sturl. i. 169.

γ. absol. off; beit hann höndina af, þar sem nú heitir úlfliðr, bit the hand off, Edda 17; fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off, Nj. 97; jafnt er sem þér synist, af er fótrinn, the foot is off, id.; af bæði eyru, both ears off, Vm. 29.

2. with the notion of—among; mestr skörungr af konum á Norðrlöndum, the greatest heroine in the North, Fms. i. 116; hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum í Austfjörðum, the most hopeful of youths in the Eastfirths, Njarð. 364; af ( among) öllurn hirðmönnuni virði konungr mest skáld sín, Eg. 27; ef hann vildi nokkura kaupa af þessum konum, Ld. 30; ör liggr þar útiá vegginum, ok er sú af þeirra örum, one of their own arrows, Nj. 115.

β. from, among, belonging to; guð kaus hana af ollum konum sér til móður, of the Virgin Mary, Mar. A. i. 27.

γ. metaph., kunna mikit (lítið) af e-u, to know much, little of, Bragi kann mest af skáldskap, is more cunning of poetry than any one else, Edda 17.

δ. absol. out of, before, in preference to all others; Gunnarr bauð þér góð boð, en þú vildir eingi af taka, you would choose none of them, Nj. 77; ráða e-t af, to decide; þó mun faðir minn mestu af ráða, all depends upon him, Ld. 22; konungr kveðst því mundu heldr af trúa, preferred believing that of the two, Eg. 55; var honum ekki vildara af ván, he could expect nothing better, 364.

3. with the additional sense of instrumentality, with; ferma skip af e-u, to freight a ship with, Eg. 364; hlaða mörg skip af korni, load many ships with corn, Fms. xi. 8; klyfja tvá hesta af mat, Nj. 74; var vágrinn skipaðr af herskipum, the bay was covered with war ships, 124; fylla ker af glóðum, fill it with embers, Stj. 319; fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring, Ver. 3.

III. denoting the substance of which a thing is made, of; used indifferently with ór, though ór be more frequent; þeir gerðu af honum jörðina, af blóði hans sæinn ok vötnin, of the creation of the world from the corpse of the giant Ymir; the poem Gm. 40, 41, constantly uses ór in this sense, just as in modern Icelandic, Edda 5; svá skildu þeir, at allir hlutir væri smíðaðir af nokkru efni, 147 (pref.); húsit var gert af timbrstokkum, built of trunks of timber, Eg. 233; hjöhin vóru af gulli, of gold, golden, Fms. i. 17; af osti, of cheese, but in the verse 1. c. ór osti, Fms. vi. 253; línklæði af lérepti, linen, Sks. 287.

2. metaph. in the phrases, göra e-t af e-n ( to dispose of), verða af ( become of), hvat hefir þú gört af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar? Njarð. 376; hvat af motrinuni er orðit, what has become of it? of a lost thing, Ld. 208; hverfr Óspakr á burt, svá eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him? Band. 5.

IV. denoting parentage, descent, origin, domicile, abode:

1. parentage, of, from, used indifferently with frá; ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, descend from them, but a little below—frá honum eru konmir Sturlungar, Eb. 338, cp. afkvæmi; af ætt Hörðakára, Fms. i. 287; kominn af Trojumönnum, xi. 416; af Ása-ætt (Kb. wrongly at), Edda I.

β. metaph., vera af Guði (theol.), of God, = righteous, 686 B. 9; illr ávöxtr af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48; Asia er kölluð af nafni nokkurar konu, derives her name from, Stj. 67; af honum er bragr kallaðr skáldskapr, called after his name, Edda 17.

2. of domicile; af danskri tungu, of Danish or Scandinavian origin, speaking the Danish tongue, Grág. ii. 73; hvaðan af löndum, whence, native of what country? Ísl.

β. especially denoting a man’s abode, and answering to á and í, the name of the farm (or country) being added to proper names, (as in Scotland,) to distinguish persons of the same name; Hallr af Síðu, Nj. 189; Erlingr af Straumey, 273; Ástríðr af Djúpárbakka, 39; Gunnarr af Hlíðarenda (more usual frá); þorir haklangr konungr af Ögðum, king of Agdir, Eg. 35, etc.; cp. ór and frá.

V. denoting a person with whom an act, feeling, etc. originates, for the most part with a periphrastic passive:

1. by, the Old Engl. of; as, ek em sendr hingað af Starkaði ok sonum hans, sent hither by, Nj. 94; inna e-t af hendi, to perform, 257; þó at alþýða væri skírð af kennimönnum, baptized of, Fms. ii. 158; meira virðr af mönnum, higher esteemed, Ld. 158; ástsæll af landsmönnum, beloved, íb. 16; vinsæll af mönnum, Nj. 102; í allgóðu yfirlæti af þeim feðgum, hospitably treated by them, Eg. 170; var þá nokkut drukkið af alþjóð, there was somewhat hard drinking of the people, Sturl. iii. 229; mun þat ekki upp tekið af þeim sükudólgum mínum, they will not clutch at that, Nj. 257; ef svá væri í hendr þér búit af mér, if í had so made everything ready to thy hands, Ld. 130; þá varð fárætt um af föður hans, his father said little about it, Fms. ii. 154.

2. it is now also sometimes used as a periphrase of a nom., e. g. ritað, þýtt af e-m, written, translated, edited by, but such phrases scarcely occur in old writers.

VI. denoting cause, ground, reason:

1. originating from, on account of, by reason of; af frændsemis sökum, for kinship’s sake, Grág. ii. 72; ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds, 27; af manna völdum, by violence, not by natural accident, of a crime, Nj. 76; af fortölum Halls, through his pleading, 255; af ástsæld hans ok af tölum þeirra Sæmundar, by his popularity and the eloquence of S., Íb. 16; af ráðum Haralds konungs, by his contriving, Landn. 157; úbygðr af frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold, Hkr. i. 5.

β. adverbially, af því, therefore, Nj. 78; af hví, why? 686 B. 9; þá verðr bóndi heiðinn af barni sínu, viz. if he does not cause his child to be christened, K. Þ. K. 20.

2. denoting instrumentality, by means of; af sinu fé, by one’s own means, Grág. i. 293; framfæra e-n af verkum sinum, by means of one’s own labour, K. Þ. K. 142; draga saman auð af sökum, ok vælum ok kaupum, make money by, 623. I; af sínum kostnaði, at hi s own expense, Hkr. i. 217.

β. absol., hún fellir á mik dropa svá heita at ek brenn af öll, Ld. 328; hann fékk af hina mestu sæmd, derived great honotur from it, Nj. 88; elli sótti á hendr honum svá at hann lagðist í rekkju af, he grew bedridden from age, Ld. 54; komast undan af hlaupi, escape by running, Fms. viii. 58; spinna garn af rokki, spin off a wheel (now, spinna á rokk), from a notion of instrumentality, or because of the thread being spun out (?), Eb. 92.

3. denoting proceeding, originating from; lýsti af höndum hennar, her hands spread beams of light, Edda 22; allir heimar lýstust ( were illuminated) af henni, id.; en er lýsti af degi, when the day broke forth, Fms. ii. 16; lítt var lýst af degi, the day was just beginning to break, Ld. 46; þá tók at myrkja af nótt, the ‘mirk-time’ of night began to set in, Eg. 230; tók þá brátt at myrkva af nótt, the night grew dark, Hkr. ii. 230.

4. metaph., standa, leiða, hljótast af, to be caused by, result from; opt hlýtst íllt af kvenna hjali, great mischief is wrought by women’s gossip (a proverb), Gísl. 15, 98; at af þeim mundi mikit mein ok úhapp standa, be caused by, Edda 18; kenna kulda af ráðum e-s, to feel sore from, Eb. 42; þó mun her hljótast af margs manns bani, Nj, 90.

5. in adverbial phrases, denoting state of mind; af mikilli æði, in fury, Nj. 116; af móð, in great emotion, Fms. xi. 221; af áhyggju, with concern, i. 186; af létta, frankly, iii. 91; af viti, collectedly, Grág. ii. 27; af heilu, sincerely, Eg. 46; áf fári, in rage; af æðru, timidly, Nj. (in a verse); af setning, composedly, in tune, Fms. iii. 187; af mikilli frægð, gallantly, Fas. i. 261; af öllu afli, with all might, Grág. ii. 41; af riki, violently, Fbr. (in a verse); af trúnaði, confidently, Grág. i. 400.

VII. denoting regard to, of, concerning, in respect of, as regards:

1. with verbs, denoting to tell of, be informed, inquire about, Lat. de; Dioscorides segir af grasi því, speaks of, 655 xxx. 5; er menn spurðu af landinu, inquired about it, Landn. 30; halda njósn af e-u, Nj. 104; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, Eg. 546, Band. 8.

β. absol., hann mun spyrja, hvárt þér sé nokkut af kunnigt hversu for með okkr, whether you know anything about, how, Nj. 33; halda skóla af, to hold a school in a science, 656 A. i. 19 (sounds like a Latinism); en ek gerða þik sera mestan mann af öllu, in respect of all, that you should get all the honour of it, Nj. 78.

2. with adjectives such as mildr, illr, góðrafe-u, denoting disposition or character in respect to; alira manna mildastr af fo, very liberal, often-banded, Fms. vii. 197; mildr af gulli, i. 33; góðr af griðum, merciful, Al. 33; íllr af mat en mildr af gulli, Fms. i. 53; fastr af drykk, close, stingy in regard to, Sturl. ii. 125; gat þess Hildigunnr at þú mundir góðr af hestinum, that you would be good about the horse, Nj. 90, cp. auðigr at, v. at, which corresponds to the above phrases; cp. also the phrase af sér above, p. 4, col. I, ll. 50 sqq.

VIII. periphrasis of a genitive (rare); provincialis af öllum Predikaraklaustrum, Fms. x. 76; vera af hinum mesta fjandskap, to breathe deep hatred to, be on bad terms with, ix. 220; af hendi, af hálfu e-s, on one’s behalf, v. those words.

IX. in adverbial phrases; as, af launungu, secretly; af hljóði, silently; v. those words.

β. also used absolutely with a verb, almost adverbially, nearly in the signification off, away; hann bað þá róa af fjörðinn, pass the firth swiftly by rowing, row the firth off, Fms. ix. 502; var pá af farit þat seni skerjóttast var, was past, sailed past, Ld. 142; ok er þeir höfðu af fjórðung, past one fourth of the way, Dropl. 10: skína af, to clear up, of the skv, Eb. 152; hence in common language, skína af sér, when the sun breaks forth: sofa af nóttina, to sleep it away, Fms. ii. 98; leið af nóttin, the night past away, Nj. 53; dvelja af stundir, to kill the time, Band. 8; drepa af, to kill; láta af, to slaughter, kill off;

γ. in exclamations; af tjöldin, off with the awnings, Bs. i. 420, Fins, ix. 49.

δ. in the phrases, þar af, thence; hér af, hence, Fms. ii. 102; af fram, straight on, Nj. 144; now, á fram, on, advance.

X. it often refers to a whole sentence or to an adverb, not only like other prepp. to hér, hvar, þar, but also redundantly to hvaðan, héðan, þaðan, whence, hence, thence.

2. the preposition may sometimes be repeated, once elliptically or adverbially, and once properly, e. g. en er af var borit at borðinu, the cloth was taken off from the table, Nj. 176; Guð þerrir af (off, away) hvert tár af ( from) augum heilagra manna, God wipes off every tear from the eyes of his saints, 655 xx. vii. 17; skal þó fyrst bætr af lúka af fé vegaiula, pay off, from, Gþl. 160, the last af may be omitted—var þá af borið borðinu—and the prep. thus be separated from its case, or it may refer to some of the indecl. relatives er or sem, the prep. hvar, hér, þar being placed behind them without a case, and referring to the preceding relative, e. g. oss er þar mikit af sagt auð þeim, we have been told much about these riches, Band. 24; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, in short, shortly. Eg. 546; þaðan af veit ek, thence í infer, know, Fms. i. 97.

XI. it is moreover connected with a great many verbs besides those mentioned above, e. g. bera af, to excel, whence afbragð, afbrigði; draga af, to detract, deduct, hence afdráttr; veita ekki af, to be hard with; ganga at, to be left, hence afgangr; standast af um e-t, to stand, how matters stand; sem af tekr, at a furious rate; vita af, to be conscious, know about (vide VII).

D. As a prefix to compounds distinction is to be made between:

I. af privativum, denoting diminution, want, deduction, loss, separation, negation of, etc., answering indifferently to Lat. ab-, de-, ex-, dis-, and rarely to re- and se-, v. the following COMPDS, such as segja, dicere, but afsegja, negare; rækja, colere, but afrækja, negligere; aflaga, contra legem; skapligr, normalis, afskapligr, deformis; afvik, recessus; afhús, afhellir, afdalr, etc.

II. af intensivum, etymologically different, and akin to of, afr-, e. g. afdrykkja = ofdrykkja, inebrietas; afbrýði, jealously; afbendi, tenesmus; afglapi, vir fatuus, etc. etc. Both the privative and the intensive af may be contracted into á, esp. before a labial f, m, v, e. g. á fram = af fram; ábrýði = afbrýði; ávöxtr = afvöxtr; áburðr = afburðr; ávíta = afvíta (?). In some cases dubious. With extenuated and changed vowel; auvirðiligr or övirðiligr, depreciated, = afv- etc., v. those words.

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